石墨二炔及其电子转移增强特性

石墨二炔是由sp和sp²杂化的碳原子构成的新的碳同素异形体。由于石墨二炔具有独特的拓扑结构和电子结构、较高的电荷迁移率及优异的电子传输性能,使其与其他材料相互作用,可表现出独特的电子转移增强特性。本文基于石墨二炔的电子转移增强特性,概述了石墨二炔及其电子转移增强特性的最新研究进展,包括金属氧化物/石墨二炔、金属纳米颗粒/石墨二炔、聚合物/石墨二炔以及染料分子/石墨二炔等多种石墨二炔基材料。本文从理论和实验研究两个方面详细阐述了石墨二炔的电子转移增强特性、石墨二炔与不同材料的相互作用以及相关的应用。希望该综述能对石墨炔化学的发展起到一定的积极作用。     

基于微流控芯片的72重单核苷酸多态性族群推断系统的构建

建立了常染色体单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）复合检测芯片体系,用于未知个体的族群来源推断。基于前期筛选的74-SNPs组合,采用竞争性等位基因特异性聚合酶链式反应（PCR）的原理构建SNPs的扩增体系,在微流控芯片的每个反应孔内完成一个SNP的检测,通过高通量PCR微流控芯片实现了其中72个SNPs的同步检测。芯片的扩增由平板PCR仪完成,反应孔的荧光信号通过激光共聚焦扫描仪检测,最终通过提取的荧光值进行结果分析。使用该芯片检测获得52份样本的SNPs分型,分型结果的准确率为100%。以57个人群的3628个样本为参考人群数据库,进行20份样本的族群来源推断,推断结果与样本的实际来源一致。本研究建立的常染色体72个SNPs微流控芯片体系可以有效地进行SNP多态性分析检测,基于参考数据库,20份检测样本族群推断的准确性为100%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定红薯叶中15种功效成分

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UHPLC-MS/MS）快速测定红薯叶中15种功效成分的分析方法。样品用80%（v/v）甲醇水溶液提取后,采用C₁₈色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm）进行分离,以乙腈-0.15%（v/v）甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾电离（ESI）源、负离子扫描模式下,通过多反应监测（MRM）模式检测各物质分子的离子峰。在各自的范围内15种功效成分线性关系良好,相关系数（r）为0.9995~0.9998;在3个加标水平下,15种化合物的回收率为82.2%~131.4%,相对标准偏差为3.6%~8.3%;方法的检出限为0.13~0.64 μg/L。该方法前处理简单,灵敏度高,适用于红薯叶中功效组分的快速分析,定量分析结果显示咖啡奎宁酸类物质是红薯叶中的主要功效成分。     

Experimental Study on the Pore Structure Fractals and Seepage Characteristics of a Coal Sample Around a Borehole in Coal Seam Water Infusion

In this study, a two-dimensional fully coupled computational model is developed for simulation of proppant settlement in hydro-fractures with the use of the extended finite element framework. The porous domain is governed by the well-known \((\mathbf{u}-p)\) formulation, which consists of the momentum balance equation of the bulk, in conjunction with the momentum balance and continuity equations of the pore fluid. The hydro-fracture inflow is modeled as a 1D flow on the basis of the Darcy law, in which fracture permeability is incorporated by means of the cubic law. Contact constraints are elaborated to eliminate the overlap of fracture edges and the leak-off flow. Proppant settlement is conducted on the basis of Stokes’ law for particle terminal velocity, in which the effects of fracture walls, concentration, viscosity and bridging are incorporated into the model. A fixed-point algorithm is introduced to achieve the optimum combination for the proppant injection. Using the extended finite element method, the strong discontinuity in the displacement field due to crack body, as well as the weak discontinuity in the pressure field due to leakage, is included in the model with the use of the Heaviside and modified level set enrichment functions, respectively. The robustness and versatility of the proposed numerical algorithm in determining the optimum proppant injection is examined through several numerical simulations.     

Easily Separated and Recyclable Amino-functionalized PorousSiO2 Beads with 3D Continuous Meso/Macropore Channels

Amino-functionalized porous SiO₂ beads with a diameter of 200—800 μm(PSB-NH₂) have been successfully synthesized by grafting 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane onto meso/macroporous silica beads(PSB), in which the PSB was prepared by hydrothermal synthetic method with a porous hard template anion-exchange resin. The as-prepared materials were characterized by means of nitrogen sorption and transmission electron micrographs(TEM), showing the presence of 3D interconnected and continuous large mesopores and macropores inside. The beads were used to catalyze Knoevenagel condensation and proved to be highly active and selective due to the high accessibility of the reactants to the amino groups via the continuous 3D meso/macopores. Notably, such material in bead format facilitates the extremely straightforward separation from reaction solution without any centrifugation or filtration. Moreover, PSB-NH₂ proved to be a stable catalyst via leaching experiment test, and can be easily recovered and reused without significant loss of activity in successive catalytic cycles.     

Facile Self-templating Melting Route Preparation of Biomass-derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon for Advanced Supercapacitors

Biomass-derived porous carbons show great potential as electrode materials for supercapacitors due to the environmental friendliness. However, most of the carbonaceous electrode materials suffer from low specific capaci-tance and rate capacity because of the poor porosity. Here, we reported a simple and effective approach to prepare micro/nano-hierarchical structured carbon materials derived from rice husk by NaOH-KOH molten salt co-activation. The as-prepared activated carbons exhibit high porosity and suitable pore size distributions for more electrolyte ion adsorption, which are all beneficial for achieving remarkable electrochemical performances, such as high specific capacitance(194.6 F/g), excellent rate capability(retention of 85.9%) and outstanding cycling stability. Thus, the above biomass-derived carbon materials with high porosity and micro/nano structures obtained by co-activation method offered a new insight into novel electrode material for the use in energy storage systems with high energy density and excellent rate performance.     

高应变率下多孔未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的非线性力学行为

采用添加造孔剂的方法制备了4种不同孔隙率的未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷。采用基于超高速相机与数字图像相关性方法的试样全场应变测量技术以及分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）技术,对多孔未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷进行高应变率单轴压缩实验研究。全场应变测量结果显示:轴向应变仅在试样中部分布较均匀,将该区域的平均应变作为应力-应变关系中的试样应变测量值较为合理,而由SHPB原理计算的试样应变值明显偏大,需要摒弃或修正传统的SHPB数据处理方法。通过波形整形技术实现了恒应变率加载,弱化了径向惯性效应的影响,揭示出多孔未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的压缩强度具有显著的应变率效应。通过分析试样轴向应变和径向应变随着加载应力的变化,阐明多孔未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的非线性变形行为的物理机制是畴变和相变共同作用,并发现畴变临界应力和相变临界应力都随着应变率升高而增大。保持加载应变率不变,讨论了孔隙率对多孔未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷动态力学行为的影响,发现随着孔隙率的升高,动态压缩强度呈非线性衰减,而畴变临界应力和相变临界应力则基本呈线性衰减。     

基于六面体网格的向量式有限元分析及应用

基于向量式有限元基本原理,给出了八节点六面体等参实体单元的基本公式,通过投影方式将空间曲面六面体转换为投影六面体,采用参考面的逆向运动求解节点纯变形,通过单元形函的虚功方程计算节点内力;针对坐标模式和内力积分模式等关键问题提出了有效的处理方案。编制了六面体实体单元的数值计算程序,并进行工程结构算例分析。结果表明,所编制程序可有效模拟实体结构的静力、动力及大变形大位移行为分析,验证了本文理论和程序的正确性和实用性。     

硅衬底生长的InGaN/GaN多层量子阱中δ型硅掺杂n-GaN层对载流子复合过程的调节作用

为了解决在单晶硅衬底上生长的InGaN/GaN多层量子阱发光二极管器件发光效率显著降低的问题,使用周期性δ型Si掺杂的GaN取代Si均匀掺杂的GaN作为n型层释放多层界面间的张应力。采用稳态荧光谱及时间分辨荧光谱测量,提取并分析了使用该方案前后的多层量子阱中辐射/非辐射复合速率随温度（10~300 K）的变化规律。实验结果表明引入δ-Si掺杂的n-GaN层后,非辐射复合平均激活能由（18±3）meV升高到（38±10）meV,对应非辐射复合速率随温度升高而上升的趋势变缓,室温下非辐射复合速率下降,体系中与阱宽涨落有关的浅能级复合中心浓度减小,PL峰位由531 nm左右红移至579 nm左右,样品PL效率随温度的衰减受到抑制。使用周期性δ型Si掺杂的GaN取代Si均匀掺杂的GaN作为生长在Si衬底上的InGaN/GaN多层量子阱LED器件n型层,由于应力释放,降低了多层量子阱与n-GaN界面、InGaN/GaN界面的缺陷密度,使得器件性能得到了改善。     

MRI梯度预加重模块的分时复用设计

为获得更优的成像质量和更快的成像速度,磁共振成像（MRI）系统的梯度预加重模块需要具有更多的补偿通道和调节参数,常规预加重模块的设计方案使现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）面临巨大的资源消耗.为解决高性能梯度预加重模块的资源消耗大的问题,本文提出了一种基于分时复用技术的梯度预加重实现方案,以常规方案1/44的资源实现了11通道×4组参数的梯度预加重模块.将该模块用于0.35 T MRI系统,测试了补偿前后的涡流曲线和磁共振图像,结果表明该模块有效降低了系统的涡流,减小了磁共振图像中的涡流伪影.